What is the basic principle of negative feedback in physiological processes?

The principle of negative feedback in physiological processes is centered around regulating the body's response to maintain homeostasis. This mechanism functions as a self-regulating system in which the output of a process inhibits or reduces its own continuation. For example, when a variable deviates from its set point, negative feedback works to bring it back to that set point, effectively stabilizing the internal environment.

In this context, if a body temperature rises above normal, negative feedback mechanisms such as sweating and increased blood flow to the skin are activated to lower the temperature back to the ideal level. Similarly, if body temperature drops, mechanisms such as shivering and vasoconstriction occur to raise it back.

Thus, the essence of negative feedback is to counteract changes and foster balance, protecting the body from extremes and ensuring optimal functioning. This is critical for processes such as temperature regulation, blood sugar control, and many other aspects of physiological regulation.